What Is DNA
DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA full form is deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the genetic hereditary material present in all living organisms. DNA contains the genetic information of an organism. This genetic information is passed from one generation to another generation. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is also called nucleic acid.
DNA is made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other and form a double helix structure.
The genetic information contained in it is for development, growth, reproduction, the functioning of the organism.
The genetic information contained in it is for development, growth, reproduction, the functioning of the organism.
The polynucleotide is made up of molecules and these molecules are called nucleotides.
Each nucleotide is made up of four nitrogen-containing nucleobases- Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Adenine (A) and Thymine (T), a sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group.
The Pictorial structure of Nucleotide.
In the polynucleotide chain of DNA, Nucleotides are joined to one another by a covalent bond between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the other, this is also called sugar-phosphate backbone. The nitrogenous bases of two separate polynucleotide strands are connecting together according to base-pairing rule.
The base-pairing rule is Adenine With Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine with Guanine (C-G) with a hydrogen bond to make the double-stranded helix DNA. The nitrogenous bases in DNA nucleotide classified into two groups Purines and Pyrimidines. In DNA the purines are Adenine and Guanine. & Pyrimidines are Thymine and Cytosine.
Biological Functions OF DNA
1. DNA contains genetic information and passes from one generation to another. This information is carried by DNA held in sequences of pieces of DNA called Genes.
2. Replication. To grow an organism cell division takes place. In Cell division the DNA replicates and produces their own carbon copies so that daughter cells have the same genetic material and genetic information as to their parents.
3. Transcription & Translation. DNA produces RNA through a process called transcription and then protein synthesis and produce a specific amino acid chain and is called translation.
4. Cellular Metabolism. It promotes the metabolic process of the cell with the help of enzymes and hormones.
The base-pairing rule is Adenine With Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine with Guanine (C-G) with a hydrogen bond to make the double-stranded helix DNA. The nitrogenous bases in DNA nucleotide classified into two groups Purines and Pyrimidines. In DNA the purines are Adenine and Guanine. & Pyrimidines are Thymine and Cytosine.
Biological Functions OF DNA
1. DNA contains genetic information and passes from one generation to another. This information is carried by DNA held in sequences of pieces of DNA called Genes.
2. Replication. To grow an organism cell division takes place. In Cell division the DNA replicates and produces their own carbon copies so that daughter cells have the same genetic material and genetic information as to their parents.
3. Transcription & Translation. DNA produces RNA through a process called transcription and then protein synthesis and produce a specific amino acid chain and is called translation.
4. Cellular Metabolism. It promotes the metabolic process of the cell with the help of enzymes and hormones.
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